The UK government gave a pardon to Ruth Ellis. She was the last woman the state killed in the UK.

英國政府特赦了 Ruth Ellis。她是英國最後一名被國家處死的女性。

Ruth Ellis killed David Blakely in 1955. The judge told the jury to ignore her problems. David Blakely hurt Ruth many times. The jury said she was guilty very quickly.

Ruth Ellis 在 1955 年殺害了 David Blakely。法官要求陪審團無視她的問題。David Blakely 曾多次傷害 Ruth。陪審團很快就判定她有罪。

This case changed the law. In 1957, the law started to help people with mental problems. In 1970, the UK stopped killing people for crimes.

此案改變了法律。1957 年，法律開始接納精神問題患者的處境。1970 年，英國停止因犯罪而處死囚犯。

Ruth's family asked for help. They said the old law was not fair. David Lammy is a government leader. He asked King Charles III to give her a pardon.

Ruth 的家人請求協助。他們表示舊法並不公平。政府領導人 David Lammy 要求國王查理三世特赦她。

The government says the death penalty was wrong. But they still say Ruth killed the man.

政府表示死刑是錯誤的。但他們依然認定 Ruth 殺害了該名男子。

The UK government has granted a conditional pardon to Ruth Ellis, the last woman to be executed in the country, after her descendants submitted a legal application.

在後代提交法律申請後，英國政府已決定對英國最後一名被處決的女性 Ruth Ellis 授予有條件赦免。

Ruth Ellis was executed in July 1955 after being found guilty of killing David Blakely. During the trial, the legal rules were very strict; for example, the judge told the jury to ignore the fact that the victim had abused Ellis in the past. As a result, the jury decided she was guilty in a very short time. However, historical records and witnesses show that Ellis had suffered long-term physical and emotional violence, including an attack that caused a miscarriage shortly before the crime.

Ruth Ellis 於 1955 年 7 月因被裁定殺害 David Blakely 而被處決。審理期間，法律規則非常嚴格；例如，法官要求陪審團忽略受害者過去虐待 Ellis 的事實。結果，陪審團在極短時間內就判定她有罪。然而，歷史記錄和證人顯示，Ellis 長期遭受身體與心理暴力，包括在案發前不久一次導致流產的襲擊。

This case helped change the law in the UK. Because there was no legal way to explain the psychological effects of abuse at the time, the 'diminished responsibility' defense was introduced in 1957. Furthermore, the public debate over her execution contributed to the end of the death penalty in 1965 and its total abolition in 1970. Ellis's family lawyers argued that if modern legal standards were used, she would likely have been convicted of manslaughter instead of being sentenced to death.

此案有助於改變英國的法律。由於當時缺乏解釋虐待對心理影響的法律途徑，因此在 1957 年引入了「責任減輕」（diminished responsibility）的辯護。此外，公眾對其處決的爭論，促使英國在 1965 年終止死刑，並於 1970 年全面廢除。Ellis 的家庭律師主張，若採用現代法律標準，她很可能會被判定為過失致死，而非被判處死刑。

David Lammy, the Deputy Prime Minister and Justice Secretary, advised King Charles III to grant the pardon. This legal action does not mean she is innocent of the crime, but it replaces the death penalty with a life sentence. Consequently, this acknowledges that the justice system failed her at the time.

副首相兼司法大臣 David Lammy 建議英王查爾斯三世授予赦免。此法律行動並不代表她對該罪行無罪，而是將死刑改為終身監禁。因此，這承認了當時的司法系統未能給予她公正的對待。

The conditional pardon officially recognizes that the execution was unfair, although the original conviction for the act remains.

這次有條件赦免正式承認了當時的處決是不公平的，儘管原先對該行為的定罪依然有效。

The United Kingdom government has granted a conditional pardon to Ruth Ellis, the final woman executed in the country, following a legal application by her descendants.

英國政府在 Ruth Ellis 的後代提出法律申請後，決定對其施予有條件赦免。Ruth Ellis 是該國最後一名被執行死刑的女性。

The execution of Ruth Ellis in July 1955 followed her conviction for the homicide of David Blakely. The judicial proceedings of the era were characterized by a restrictive evidentiary framework; specifically, the presiding judge instructed the jury to disregard the defendant's history of maltreatment by the decedent. Consequently, the jury reached a guilty verdict in approximately fourteen to thirty minutes. Historical records and witness testimony indicate that Ellis had been subjected to systemic physical, emotional, and sexual violence, including an assault that resulted in a miscarriage shortly before the incident.

Ruth Ellis 於 1955 年 7 月因被判定殺害 David Blakely 而被執行死刑。當時的司法程序以限制性的證據框架為特徵；具體而言，主審法官指示陪審團忽略被告曾被死者虐待的歷史。因此，陪審團在大約 14 到 30 分鐘內便達成了有罪判決。歷史記錄與證人證詞顯示，Ellis 曾遭受系統性的身體、情感及性暴力，包括在案發前不久因一次襲擊而導致流產。

This case served as a catalyst for subsequent legislative evolution. The absence of a legal mechanism to account for the psychological impact of abuse led to the 1957 introduction of the diminished responsibility defense. Furthermore, the public discourse surrounding the execution contributed to the eventual suspension of capital punishment in 1965 and its total abolition in 1970. The descendants of Ellis, represented by legal counsel, argued that the application of contemporary legal standards—specifically the defenses of loss of control or diminished responsibility—would likely have resulted in a manslaughter conviction rather than a capital sentence.

此案成為隨後立法演進的催化劑。由於當時缺乏考量虐待心理影響的法律機制，促使 1957 年引入了「責任減輕」（diminished responsibility）的辯護理由。此外，圍繞該死刑的公眾討論，促成了 1965 年死刑的最終暫停以及 1970 年的全面廢除。Ellis 的後代由法律代表主張，若應用當代的法律標準——特別是「喪失控制」或「責任減輕」的辯護——很可能會導致誤殺定罪，而非死刑判決。

Institutional intervention occurred via the Deputy Prime Minister and Justice Secretary, David Lammy, who advised King Charles III to grant the pardon. This legal instrument does not negate the original conviction but substitutes the death penalty with a sentence of life imprisonment, thereby acknowledging a systemic failure in the administration of justice.

制度干預由副首相兼司法大臣 David Lammy 促成，由他建議英王查理三世授予赦免。此法律手段並非否定原有的定罪，而是將死刑替換為終身監禁，從而承認司法行政上的系統性失敗。

The conditional pardon formally recognizes the injustice of the execution while maintaining the original conviction of the act.

此次有條件赦免正式承認了執行死刑的不公正性，同時維持原先對該行為的定罪。