A new study looks at the Amazon. It shows how climate change and the loss of local languages hurt nature and culture.

一項新研究分析了亞馬遜地區，揭示了氣候變遷與在地語言的流失如何損害自然環境與文化。

Indigenous people know many plants. They use thousands of plants for food and medicine. Many of these plants only grow in small areas. People use special languages to talk about these plants.

原住民對許多植物非常了解。他們使用數千種植物作為食物和藥材。其中許多植物僅生長在小範圍區域內。人們使用特殊的語言來描述這些植物。

Climate change is a big problem. The weather is changing. Many useful plants will die or move by the year 2080. Medicine plants are in the most danger.

氣候變遷是一個巨大的問題。天氣正在改變。到 2080 年，許多有用的植物將會死亡或遷徙。藥用植物面臨的危險最大。

Languages are also disappearing. When a language dies, the knowledge about plants dies too. The region could lose a lot of this important information.

語言也在逐漸消失。當一種語言消失時，關於植物的知識也會隨之而逝。該地區可能會失去許多這類重要的資訊。

The Amazon is in danger. We must protect both the plants and the languages together.

亞馬遜正處於危險之中。我們必須共同保護植物與語言。

A detailed study has measured the combined threats that climate change and the loss of Indigenous languages pose to the biological and cultural wealth of the Amazon basin.

一項詳細研究衡量了氣候變遷與原住民語言流失，對亞馬遜盆地的生物與文化財富所造成的綜合威脅。

The researchers analyzed over 90,000 reports to identify 5,796 plant species used by people, which is about one-third of the region's seed plants. The data shows that Indigenous groups have much deeper botanical knowledge than non-Indigenous people, using 4,305 species compared to only 1,012. However, much of this knowledge is very specific; 74% of plant uses are known to only one culture, and 60% of these unique uses are linked to languages that are currently at risk of disappearing.

研究人員分析了超過 90,000 份報告，識別出 5,796 種被人類使用的植物，約佔該地區種子植物的三分之一。數據顯示，原住民群體對植物的認識遠深於非原住民，他們使用了 4,305 種植物，而後者僅為 1,012 種。然而，許多此類知識非常特定；74% 的植物用途僅由單一文化知曉，且其中 60% 的獨特用途與目前面臨消失風險的語言相關。

According to climate models, plants used by humans will likely see their habitats shrink more than non-used species by 2080, with medicinal plants being the most affected. Consequently, Indigenous cultures could lose between 28% and 34% of the plants they use, leading to a significant drop in the available plant services. Furthermore, the loss of threatened languages could cause a 26% reduction in the region's total knowledge pool. This loss could even reach 61% if more languages are included. The authors emphasized that these numbers are conservative because they do not include other pressures like deforestation and mining.

根據氣候模型，到 2080 年，人類使用的植物其棲息地縮減程度可能會比非使用物種更嚴重，其中藥用植物受影響最深。因此，原住民文化可能會失去 28% 至 34% 其所使用的植物，導致可用的植物服務大幅下降。此外，受威脅語言的流失可能會導致該地區總知識庫減少 26%。如果納入更多語言，此損失甚至可能達到 61%。作者強調，這些數字是保守估計，因為尚未計入如森林砍伐與採礦等其他壓力。

The Amazon's cultural and natural heritage faces a double threat from habitat loss and language extinction, which means we need combined conservation strategies across the entire region.

亞馬遜的文化與自然遺產面臨棲息地流失與語言滅絕的雙重威脅，這意味著我們需要在整個地區採取綜合保育策略。

A comprehensive interdisciplinary study has quantified the concurrent threats posed by climate change and the disappearance of Indigenous languages to the biological and cultural assets of the Amazon basin.

一項全面的跨學科研究量化了氣候變遷與原住民語言消失對亞馬遜盆地生物與文化資產所造成的同步威脅。

The research utilized a database of 90,536 reports to identify 5,796 native plant species utilized by human populations, representing approximately one-third of the region's vascular seed plant flora. Historical data indicates that Indigenous groups exhibit a significantly higher degree of botanical knowledge, utilizing 4,305 species compared to 1,012 species used by non-Indigenous cultures. However, a substantial proportion of this knowledge is highly localized; 74% of plant services are associated with a single culture, and 60% of these unique services are linked to languages currently classified as threatened.

該研究利用了一個包含 90,536 份報告的資料庫，鑑定出 5,796 種被人類利用的本土植物物種，約佔該地區維管種子植物區系的三分之一。歷史數據顯示，原住民群體展現出顯著較高程度的植物知識，利用了 4,305 種物種，而非法原住民文化僅利用 1,012 種。然而，很大一部分的知識具有高度局部性；74% 的植物用途與單一文化相關，且其中 60% 的獨特用途與目前被列為瀕危的語言相關。

Species distribution modeling across multiple climate scenarios (SSP1–2.6, SSP3–7.0, and SSP5–8.5) suggests that utilized plant species will experience more pronounced range contractions than non-utilized species by 2060–2080. Specifically, medicinal species are projected to be disproportionately affected. At the local level, Indigenous cultures are expected to lose between 28% and 34% of their utilized plant species, resulting in a corresponding reduction of 18% to 23% in associated plant services.

透過多種氣候情境（SSP1-2.6, SSP3-7.0, 及 SSP5-8.5）的物種分布模型顯示，到 2060-2080 年，被利用的植物物種將經歷比未被利用物種更顯著的分布範圍縮減。具體而言，藥用植物預計將受到不成比例的影響。在地方層面，原住民文化預計將失去 28% 至 34% 的利用植物物種，導致相關植物用途相應減少 18% 至 23%。

Furthermore, the study addresses the risk of linguistic attrition. Given that a significant volume of ethnobotanical knowledge is linguistically unique, the extinction of threatened Indigenous languages could precipitate a 26% reduction in the regional knowledge pool. This figure may be an underestimate; if reports from non-specified languages are attributed to threatened groups, the projected loss of the knowledge metaweb increases to 61%. The researchers note that these projections are conservative, as they do not account for synergistic stressors such as deforestation, mining, or extreme climatic events.

此外，研究探討了語言流失的風險。鑑於大量民族植物學知識在語言上具有獨特性，瀕危原住民語言的滅絕可能會導致區域知識庫減少 26%。此數據可能被低估；若將未指定語言的報告歸因於瀕危群體，預計知識元網（knowledge metaweb）的損失將增加至 61%。研究人員指出，這些預測較為保守，因為尚未將森林砍伐、採礦或極端氣候事件等協同壓力因素納入考量。

The Amazonian biocultural heritage faces a dual threat from ecological range loss and linguistic extinction, necessitating integrated Pan-Amazonian conservation strategies.

亞馬遜生物文化遺產面臨生態分布喪失與語言滅絕的雙重威脅，因此需要採取整合的泛亞馬遜保護策略。