Scientists want to find big machines around stars. These machines collect energy from the sun.

科學家想要在恆星周圍尋找巨大的機器。這些機器會從太陽收集能量。

Some people think aliens build many small panels around a star. They call this a swarm. Red stars and white stars are good for this because they last a long time.

有些人認為外星人在恆星周圍建造了許多小型面板。他們將其稱為「群集」。紅巨星和白矮星非常適合這樣做，因為它們能維持很長時間。

These machines take light and turn it into heat. This makes the star look very cold. Natural stars do not look like this. Scientists use special maps to find these cold stars.

這些機器將光能轉化為熱能。這使得恆星看起來非常寒冷。天然的恆星不會是這樣。科學家使用特殊的星圖來尋找這些寒冷的恆星。

Scientists used a big telescope to look at five million stars. They found seven strange stars. One star was actually a black hole. Now, five stars are still a mystery.

科學家使用大型望遠鏡觀察了五百萬顆恆星。他們發現了七顆奇怪的恆星。其中一顆實際上是黑洞。現在，仍有五顆恆星充滿謎團。

Scientists are now studying these five stars to see if they are natural or made by aliens.

科學家目前正在研究這五顆恆星，以確定它們是天然的還是由外星人製造的。

Recent research in astrophysics suggests a new way to find 'Dyson swarms'—large groups of solar collectors built by advanced civilizations—by looking for unusual infrared heat and changes in star temperatures.

近期天體物理學的研究提出了一種新方法，透過尋找異常的紅外線熱能與恆星溫度變化，來發現「戴森球群」——即是由高等文明建造的大型太陽能收集器群。

The idea of capturing a star's energy was first proposed by Freeman Dyson in 1960. While he originally imagined a solid shell, scientists now believe a 'swarm' of separate orbiting structures is more realistic because a solid sphere would require too many materials. Researcher Amirnezam Amiri from the University of Arkansas emphasizes that red dwarfs and white dwarfs are the best stars for these structures. Red dwarfs are common and live for a very long time, whereas white dwarfs are dense and provide stable energy, meaning the structures would not need to be as large.

捕捉恆星能量的想法是由 Freeman Dyson 於 1960 年首次提出。雖然他最初想像是一個實心殼，但現在科學家認為，由獨立軌道結構組成的「球群」更為現實，因為實心球體需要過多材料。阿肯色大學的研究員 Amirnezam Amiri 強調，紅矮星與白矮星是最適合建設這些結構的恆星。紅矮星十分普遍且壽命極長，而白矮星則密度高且能量穩定，意味著這些結構不需要建得如此巨大。

To detect these structures, scientists use the Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) diagram. A Dyson swarm would absorb visible light and release it as infrared heat, which would make the star's surface temperature seem much lower than it actually is. For example, a red dwarf's temperature could appear to drop from 3,000K to 50K, placing it in an area of the diagram where no natural stars exist. Furthermore, these structures would not show the same chemical signatures as natural space dust. Consequently, irregular changes in brightness would also suggest that the object is man-made rather than a natural phenomenon.

為了偵測這些結構，科學家使用赫羅圖 (H-R diagram)。戴森球群會吸收可見光並以紅外線熱能形式釋放，這會使恆星的表面溫度看起來比實際低得多。例如，紅矮星的溫度可能會從 3,000K 降至 50K，使其落在圖表中不存在天然恆星的區域。此外，這些結構不會顯示與天然太空塵埃相同的化學特徵。因此，亮度的不規則變化也將暗示該物件是人造的而非天然現象。

Organizations are now using the James Webb Space Telescope and the WISE satellite to find these anomalies. A project called Hephaistos recently checked five million stars and found seven possible candidates. However, after discovering that one signal was actually caused by a distant black hole, only five candidates are still being studied.

相關機構目前正使用詹姆斯·韋伯太空望遠鏡與 WISE 衛星來尋找這些異常現象。一個名為 Hephaistos 的計畫最近檢查了五百萬顆恆星，發現了七個可能的候選對象。然而，在發現其中一個信號實際上是由遙遠的黑洞引起後，目前僅剩五個候選對象仍在研究中。

Astronomers are now focusing on using infrared analysis to determine if these five remaining candidates are actually engineered structures or simply natural space events.

天文學家目前正專注於使用紅外線分析，以判定這五個剩餘的候選對象究竟是工程結構，還是僅為天然的太空事件。

Recent astrophysical research proposes a methodology for detecting Dyson swarms—engineered arrays of solar collectors—by analyzing anomalous infrared emissions and stellar temperature shifts.

最近的天體物理研究提出了一種方法，透過分析異常的紅外線發射與恆星溫度偏移，來偵測戴森球群（Dyson swarms）——即一種經過設計的太陽能收集陣列。

The theoretical framework for stellar energy capture, initially postulated by Freeman Dyson in 1960, has evolved from the concept of a solid shell to a 'swarm' of independent orbiting structures. This transition is necessitated by the prohibitive material requirements associated with solid spheres. Research conducted by Amirnezam Amiri of the University of Arkansas identifies red dwarfs and white dwarfs as optimal hosts for such structures. Red dwarfs are characterized by their ubiquity and extreme longevity, while white dwarfs offer high density and stable energy output, both of which minimize the requisite construction scale.

恆星能量捕捉的理論框架最初於 1960 年由 Freeman dyson 提出，已從實心殼的概念演變為由獨立軌道結構組成的「球群」。這種轉變是因為實心球體所需的材料要求過高而不可行。阿肯色大學的 amirnezam amiri 進行的研究指出，紅矮星與白矮星是此類結構最理想的宿主。紅矮星的特點是普遍存在且壽命極長，而白矮星則提供高密度與穩定的能量輸出，兩者均能將所需的建設規模降至最低。

Detection of these technosignatures relies upon the utilization of the Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) diagram. A Dyson swarm would absorb visible radiation and re-emit it as infrared heat, resulting in a significant reduction in apparent surface temperature—potentially from 3,000K to 50K in the case of red dwarfs. Such a shift would place the object in a region of the H-R diagram devoid of naturally occurring stars. Furthermore, the absence of silicate emissions, typical of natural circumstellar dust disks, would indicate a 'clean' spectrum consistent with engineered radiator panels. Additionally, the orbital dynamics of a swarm would likely induce non-natural luminosity fluctuations.

偵測這些技術標誌依賴於赫羅圖（h-r diagram）的運用。戴森球群會吸收可見光輻射並將其重新發射為紅外線熱能，導致表面溫度顯著降低——以紅矮星為例，可能從 3,000k 降至 50k。這樣的偏移將使該天體處於赫羅圖中不存在天然恆星的區域。此外，若缺乏天然恆星周圍塵盤典型的矽酸鹽發射，將顯示出一個與人造輻射面板一致的「乾淨」光譜。此外，球群的軌道動力學可能會引起非自然的亮度波動。

Institutional efforts to identify these anomalies include the utilization of the James Webb Space Telescope and the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). Project Hephaistos recently screened approximately five million stars, identifying seven initial candidates associated with red dwarfs. Following the discovery that one signal was the result of a background supermassive black hole, five candidates remain under investigation.

相關機構識別這些異常現象的努力包括利用詹姆斯·韋伯太空望遠鏡與廣域紅外線巡天探測器（wise）。hephaistos 計畫最近篩選了約五百萬顆恆星，識別出七個與紅矮星相關的初步候選對象。在發現其中一個訊號是由背景超大質量黑洞引起後，目前仍有五個候選對象在調查之中。

Current astronomical efforts are focused on differentiating these five remaining candidates from natural cosmic phenomena using infrared spectral analysis.

目前的天文研究重點在於利用紅外線光譜分析，將剩餘的五個候選對象與天然宇宙現象區分開來。