Senator Lindsey Graham died at age 71. Doctors are now talking about a heart problem called aortic dissection.

參議員 Lindsey Graham 於 71 歲時逝世。醫生目前正在討論一種稱為「主動脈夾層」的心臟問題。

Senator Graham had a tear in his main heart artery. This is called a dissection. His arteries were hard because he was old and had high blood pressure.

Graham 參議員的心臟主動脈有撕裂。這被稱為夾層。由於他年歲較大且有高血壓，導致動脈硬化。

There are three types of artery problems. Some arteries get too big. Some arteries tear. Some arteries break completely. Old people often have these problems. Young people get them because of their family genes.

動脈問題分為三種類型。有些動脈會過度擴張，有些會撕裂，有些則會完全破裂。年長者經常有這些問題，而年輕人則是因為家族基因而導致。

It is hard to find this problem. It feels like a heart attack. Doctors use special X-ray machines called CT scans to see the problem. Now, some doctors test the family of dead people to find these genes early.

這種問題很難發現，感覺就像心臟病發。醫生會使用稱為 CT 掃定的特殊 X 光機來檢查。現在，有些醫生會對死者的家屬進行檢測，以便及早發現這些基因。

Senator Graham's death shows that old people must check their blood pressure. Some people also need genetic tests.

Graham 參議員的逝世顯示出年長者必須檢查血壓。部分人士也需要進行基因檢測。

The death of U.S. Senator Lindsey Graham at age 71 has led to a medical review of aortic dissection and other related heart and blood vessel problems.

美國參議員 Lindsey Graham 在 71 歲時過世，引發了醫學界對主動脈剝離及其他相關心臟與血管問題的重新審視。

Preliminary reports from the medical examiner state that Senator Graham died from an aortic dissection. This condition happens when the inner layer of the aorta tears, allowing blood to flow into the wall of the artery. This creates a second channel and weakens the vessel. In the Senator's case, this was caused by cardiovascular disease, which is usually linked to old age, long-term high blood pressure, and the hardening of the arteries.

法醫的初步報告指出，Graham 參議員死於主動脈剝離。這種情況發生在主動脈內層撕裂，導致血液流入動脈壁中。這會形成第二條通道並削弱血管。在該參議員的案例中，這是由心血管疾病引起，而這類疾病通常與年齡增長、長期高血壓及動脈硬化有關。

It is important to distinguish between three main types of aortic problems: aneurysms, dissections, and ruptures. An aneurysm is a slow swelling of the aortic wall, whereas a dissection is a sudden tear. A rupture is the final failure of the wall, which causes severe internal bleeding. While the Senator's condition was related to age, other cases—such as the death of journalist Grant Wahl at age 49—have different causes. In younger people, these failures are often linked to inherited genetic disorders, such as Marfan syndrome, rather than long-term wear and tear.

區分三種主要的主動脈問題至關重要：主動脈瘤、剝離與破裂。主動脈瘤是主動脈壁的緩慢腫脹，而剝離則是突然的撕裂。破裂則是管壁最終崩潰，導致嚴重內出血。雖然該參議員的情況與年齡相關，但其他案例——例如 49 歲的記者 Grant Wahl 的逝世——則有不同原因。在年輕人中，這些失效通常與遺傳性基因疾病（如馬凡氏綜合症 Marfan syndrome）有關，而非長期的損耗。

Diagnosing these issues is difficult because the symptoms are similar to a heart attack. Therefore, doctors often use CT scans to tell the difference between a dissection and less serious chest or abdominal pain. To manage these risks, health organizations recommend screening for high-risk groups, particularly men aged 65 to 75 who have smoked. Furthermore, the New York City medical examiner's office has started the GIFTS program, which provides genetic testing for relatives of deceased patients to find those who may have the same hereditary risks.

診斷這些問題很困難，因為症狀與心臟病發相似。因此，醫生通常使用 CT 掃描來區分剝離與較不嚴重的胸痛或腹痛。為了管理這些風險，健康組織建議高風險群體進行篩檢，特別是 65 至 75 歲且有吸菸習慣的男性。此外，紐約市法醫辦公室已啟動 GIFTS 計畫，為死者的親屬提供基因檢測，以找出可能具有相同遺傳風險的人員。

Senator Graham's death highlights how common age-related aortic dissection is and emphasizes the need for blood pressure control and genetic testing for people at risk.

Graham 參議員的過世突顯了與年齡相關的主動脈剝離是多麼普遍，並強調了高風險人士控制血壓與進行基因檢測的必要性。

The death of U.S. Senator Lindsey Graham at age 71 has prompted a clinical examination of aortic dissection and related cardiovascular pathologies.

美國參議員林賽·格雷厄姆於 71 歲時逝世，觸發了對主動脈剝離及相關心血管病理的臨床研究。

The preliminary findings from the medical examiner attribute the death of Senator Graham to an aortic dissection. This condition is characterized by a breach in the inner lining of the aorta, which facilitates the penetration of blood into the arterial wall, thereby creating a secondary channel and compromising the vessel's structural integrity. In the case of the Senator, this event was associated with arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease, a condition typically driven by senescence, chronic hypertension, and the progressive hardening of the arteries.

法醫的初步結果將格雷厄姆參議員的死因歸類為主動脈剝離。這種情況的特徵是主動脈內層出現破裂，導致血液滲入動脈壁，從而形成第二條通道，並損害血管的結構完整性。在參議員的案例中，這次事件與動脈硬化性心血管疾病相關，這種疾病通常由衰老、慢性高血壓以及動脈漸進性硬化所驅動。

Distinctions must be drawn between three primary aortic pathologies: aneurysms, dissections, and ruptures. An aneurysm constitutes a gradual dilation of the aortic wall, whereas a dissection is an acute tear that may occur independently of prior dilation. A rupture represents the terminal failure of the wall, resulting in catastrophic hemorrhage into the thoracic cavity or the pericardial sac. While the Senator's condition aligned with age-related arterial degradation, other instances—such as the death of journalist Grant Wahl at age 49—demonstrate a divergence in etiology. In younger cohorts, aortic failure is frequently linked to inherited connective tissue disorders, such as mutations in the FBN1 gene associated with Marfan syndrome, rather than cumulative cardiovascular wear.

必須區分三種主要的主動脈病理：主動脈瘤、剝離與破裂。主動脈瘤是指主動脈壁逐漸擴張，而剝離則是一種急性撕裂，可能在先前未擴張的情況下發生。破裂代表血管壁的最終失效，導致胸腔或心包囊發生災難性出血。雖然參議員的情況符合與年齡相關的動脈退化，但其他案例——例如 49 歲逝世的記者格蘭特·沃爾——則顯示出病因的差異。在較年輕的群體中，主動脈失效通常與遺傳性結締組織疾病有關，例如與馬凡氏綜合症相關的 FBN1 基因突變，而非心血管的累積性損耗。

Diagnostic challenges persist due to the symptomatic overlap between aortic dissection and myocardial infarction. Clinical identification often necessitates computed tomography (CT) scans to differentiate the condition from more benign abdominal or thoracic ailments. Institutional responses to these risks include targeted screening for high-risk demographics—specifically men aged 65 to 75 with a history of smoking—and the implementation of genetic surveillance programs. The New York City medical examiner's office has established the GIFTS program to provide genetic testing for living relatives of deceased individuals to identify asymptomatic carriers of hereditary variants.

由於主動脈剝離與心肌梗塞的症狀重疊，診斷挑戰依然存在。臨床識別通常需要透過電腦斷層掃描 (CT) 掃描，以將此情況與較輕微的腹部或胸部疾病區分開來。針對這些風險的機構回應包括對高風險族群（特別是 65 至 75 歲且有吸菸史的男性）進行針對性篩查，以及實施基因監測計劃。紐約市法醫辦公室建立了 GIFTS 計劃，為死者的生還親屬提供基因檢測，以識別遺傳變異的無症狀攜帶者。

Senator Graham's death underscores the prevalence of age-related aortic dissection and the critical necessity of blood pressure management and genetic screening for at-risk populations.

格雷厄姆參議員的逝世凸顯了年齡相關主動脈剝離的普遍性，以及對高風險人群管理血壓與進行基因篩查的緊迫必要性。