Scientists from two universities studied how people help others. They found that people are more kind than we believe.

兩所大學的科學家研究了人們如何幫助他人。他們發現，人們比我們想像的更加善良。

The scientists asked 100,000 people from 125 countries to play a game. People could take $100 for themselves. Or, they could take $70 and give $400 to help the planet.

科學家請 125 個國家的 10 萬人參與一項遊戲。參與者可以拿 100 美元給自己，或者拿 70 美元並捐款 400 美元來幫助地球。

Many people chose to help. 69% of people cooperated. But people thought only 47% of others would help. This happened in almost every country.

許多人選擇幫助他人，有 69% 的人選擇合作。但人們認為只有 47% 的他人會提供幫助。幾乎每個國家都出現了這種情況。

In Germany, the difference was very big. 86% of Germans helped others. But they thought only 47% of people were kind. The scientists say this negative thinking stops people from working together.

在德國，這種差異非常之大。86% 的德國人會幫助他人，但他們認為只有 47% 的人是善良的。科學家表示，這種負面思考會阻礙人們共同合作。

The study shows that humans like to help. However, we think other people are less kind than they really are.

研究顯示人類傾向於幫助他人。然而，我們認為其他人的善良程度低於事實。

A detailed study by researchers from Bonn and Frankfurt shows a large difference between how much people actually cooperate and how much they believe others will cooperate.

波昂與法蘭克福研究人員的一項詳細研究顯示，人們實際合作的程度與他們認為他人會合作的程度之間存在巨大差異。

The researchers studied a global group of over 100,000 people from 125 different countries. In the experiment, participants had to choose between two options: they could take a guaranteed $100 by not cooperating, or they could accept a lower payment of $70 if everyone cooperated. If the group cooperated, a total of $400 would be donated to fight climate change.

研究人員研究了一個由 125 個不同國家、超過 10 萬人組成的全球群體。在實驗中，參與者必須在兩個選項之間做出選擇：他們可以選擇不合作以獲取保證的 100 美元，或者在所有人合作的情況下，接受較低 70 美元的報酬。如果該群體選擇合作，總計 400 美元將被捐出以對抗氣候變遷。

The results showed that the actual global cooperation rate was 69%. However, people estimated that only 47% of others would cooperate, which shows a clear misunderstanding of social behavior. This gap was found in 124 of the 125 countries, suggesting that people worldwide tend to be too pessimistic about others.

結果顯示，全球實際的合作率為 69%。然而，人們估計僅有 47% 的他人會合作，這顯示出對社會行為有明顯的誤解。這種差距出現在 125 個國家中的 124 個，表明全世界的人都傾向於對他人過於悲觀。

In Germany, this difference was even more extreme. While 86% of German participants actually cooperated, they expected only 47.6% of others to do the same. Armin Falk from the University of Bonn emphasized that this pessimistic view can reduce a group's ability to work together. Furthermore, the research team asserted that putting the common good above personal interest is essential for solving major global problems.

在德國，這種差異更加極端。儘管 86% 的德國參與者實際上選擇了合作，但他們預期僅有 47.6% 的他人會這樣做。波昂大學的 Armin Falk 強調，這種悲觀觀點會降低群體共同工作的能力。此外，研究團隊斷言，將公共利益置於個人利益之上，對於解決重大全球問題至關重要。

The study concludes that humans are more likely to cooperate than we think, but this potential is limited by a widespread lack of trust in others.

研究結論指出，人類合作的可能性比我們想像中更高，但這種潛力被普遍缺乏對他人信任的問題所限制。

A comprehensive study by researchers from Bonn and Frankfurt reveals a significant discrepancy between actual human cooperation rates and the perceived willingness of others to cooperate.

由波昂與法蘭克福研究人員進行的一項全面研究揭示，人類實際的合作率與感知他人合作意願之間存在顯著差異。

The empirical framework utilized a globally representative sample exceeding 100,000 participants across 125 nations. The methodology employed a behavioral experiment wherein individuals were presented with a binary choice: a guaranteed personal gain of $100 via non-cooperation, or a reduced payout of $70 contingent upon mutual cooperation, which would trigger a $400 donation to climate change initiatives.

該實證框架採用了一個全球代表性樣本，涵蓋 125 個國家、超過 10 萬名參與者。研究方法採用了一項行為實驗，讓個體在二元選擇中抉擇：一是透過不合作確保獲得 100 美元的個人收益，二是若達成共同合作則獲得較低的 70 美元報酬，但這將觸發向氣候變遷計畫捐贈 400 美元。

Quantitative analysis demonstrates that the actual global cooperation rate was 69%. Conversely, the perceived cooperation rate was estimated at only 47%, indicating a pervasive cognitive misalignment. This discrepancy was observed in 124 of the 125 sampled countries, suggesting a near-universal tendency toward pessimistic social projection.

定量分析顯示，全球實際合作率為 69%。相反地，感知合作率被估計僅為 47%，顯示出普遍的認知失調。這種差異在 125 個樣本國家中的 124 個國家均被觀察到，顯示出近乎普遍的悲觀社會投影傾向。

Within the German cohort, this divergence was particularly acute. While 86% of German participants exhibited cooperative behavior, their expectations regarding others were limited to 47.6%. Armin Falk of the University of Bonn attributed this variance to an underlying pessimistic disposition, positing that such cognitive self-deception serves to diminish collective efficacy. The research team asserted that the prioritization of the common good over individual self-interest is a fundamental prerequisite for the resolution of systemic societal challenges.

在德國樣本組中，這種分歧尤為劇烈。雖然 86% 的德國參與者表現出合作行為，但他們對他人的預期僅限於 47.6%。波昂大學的 Armin Falk 將此差異歸因於潛在的悲觀傾向，認為 such 認知自我欺騙會削弱集體效能。研究團隊主張，將公共利益優先於個人利益，是解決系統性社會挑戰的基本前提。

The study concludes that humans are more inclined toward cooperation than is generally perceived, though this potential is hindered by widespread social pessimism.

研究結論指出，人類比一般感知中更傾向於合作，但這種潛能被普遍的社會悲觀情緒所阻礙。