USA Adds More Chinese Companies to a Special List

Jun 8, 2026, 21:32
ChinaPolitics
A2

USA Adds More Chinese Companies to a Special List

美國將更多中國公司列入特別名單

Introduction

The US Department of Defense has a list of Chinese companies. These companies help China's military.

美國國防部有一份中國公司名單，這些公司會協助中國軍方。

Main Body

The list now has 188 companies. Last year, it had 130 companies. Now, the list includes big tech companies like Alibaba and Baidu. It also includes BYD, which makes electric cars.

該名單目前有 188 家公司，去年則有 130 家。現在，名單包括了阿里巴巴和百度等大型科技公司，也包括了生產電動車的比亞迪。

The US is worried. They think these companies use normal business to help the military. Now, these companies cannot get defense contracts from the US government. They can still sell other things in the US.

美國感到憂慮。他們認為這些公司利用普通商業活動來協助軍方。現在，這些公司無法獲得美國政府的國防合約，但他們仍可在美國銷售其他產品。

China is not happy. The Chinese Embassy says the US is unfair. The US says these rules keep the country safe. The US also puts taxes on Chinese electric cars.

中國對此表示不滿。中國大使館表示美國不公平，而美國則稱這些規則是為了維護國家安全。美國還對中國電動車徵收關稅。

Conclusion

The US now lists 188 Chinese companies. These companies cannot work with the US military.

美國目前列出 188 家中國公司，這些公司無法與美國軍方合作。

Vocabulary Learning

⚡ The 'Now' Shift

Look at how the story changes from the past to the present. This is how you talk about changes in your life or work.

Past →\rightarrow Present

  • Last year, it had 130 companies. →\rightarrow Now, the list has 188 companies.

The Pattern: When we use "Now," we use the simple present form (has/is/works). When we talk about "Last year," we move the verb back (had/was/worked).

Quick Guide:

  • Past: It was small.
  • Present: Now, it is big.

🛠️ 'Can' and 'Cannot' (The Power Words)

In this text, we see what is possible and what is blocked. This is essential for A2 level communication.

  • Positive: "They can still sell other things." (It is okay/allowed)
  • Negative: "These companies cannot get contracts." (It is not okay/forbidden)

Rule: Keep it simple. Just put cannot (or can't) before the action word.

Vocabulary Learning

defense (n.)
Protecting a country or person from attack
Example:The army is responsible for the national defense.
military (n.)
The armed forces of a country, such as the army or navy
Example:He decided to join the military after high school.
includes (v.)
To have something as a part of a group
Example:The price of the hotel includes breakfast.
contracts (n.)
Official legal agreements between two people or companies
Example:The company signed new contracts to build a bridge.
embassy (n.)
The official office of one country in another country
Example:I went to the embassy to get a visa.
unfair (adj.)
Not right or not equal for everyone
Example:It is unfair that some students have more time for the test.
B2

US Department of Defense Expands List of Chinese Military-Linked Companies

美國國防部擴大與中國軍方有關的公司名單

Introduction

The United States Department of Defense has increased its list of Chinese companies that are believed to support China's military industrial base.

美國國防部增加了被認為支援中國軍事工業基礎的中國公司名單。

Main Body

The updated 1260H list now includes 188 companies, which is a significant increase from the 130 companies listed last year. This expansion is notable because it now includes private companies that do not usually work in the defense sector. For example, the Pentagon emphasized that technology giants like Alibaba and Baidu, as well as the electric vehicle maker BYD, are linked to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. Additionally, the robotics company Unitree was added because the Department decided it received strategic government support as a key part of the supply chain.

更新後的 1260H 名單目前包含 188 家公司，較去年的 130 家公司大幅增加。此次擴大值得關注，因為其中包含了通常不從事國防領域的私營公司。例如，五角大廈強調阿里巴巴和百度等科技巨頭，以及電動車製造商比亞迪，均與工業和資訊化部有關。此外，機器人公司 Unitree 也被加入，因為國防部認定其作為供應鏈關鍵部分而獲得政府的戰略支持。

Beyond technology, the Department of Defense has also targeted the automotive and sensor industries by adding companies such as Nio and Robosense. These additions show a wider concern that civilian research and commercial skills are being used to improve military technology. Consequently, while these companies are now banned from winning U.S. defense contracts, they can still conduct general business in the U.S. However, these labels may lead to more regulations and damage their professional reputations.

除科技領域外，國防部還針對汽車與感測器產業，加入了如蔚來和 Robosense 等公司。這些增項顯示出美方更擔心民用研究與商業技能被用於提升軍事技術。因此，雖然這些公司目前被禁止贏得美國國防合約，但仍可在美國進行一般商業活動。然而，這些標籤可能會導致更多監管，並損害其專業聲譽。

Diplomatic reactions to these steps have been negative. The Chinese Embassy asserted that the U.S. is overusing the concept of national security and practicing discrimination. On the other hand, the U.S. government has combined these listings with other economic tools, such as tariffs on electric vehicles, to reduce the security risks they associate with Chinese technology.

外交方面對這些措施的反應相當負面。中國大使館聲稱美國過度使用國家安全概念且採取歧視做法。另一方面，美國政府將這些名單與其他經濟工具（如對電動車徵收關稅）相結合，以降低其認為與中國科技相關的安全風險。

Conclusion

The Department of Defense has raised the number of restricted Chinese entities to 188, further limiting the connection between U.S. defense buying and Chinese commercial technology.

國防部將受限的中國實體數量增加至 188 個，進一步限制美國國防採購與中國商業技術之間的聯繫。

Vocabulary Learning

The 'Precision' Pivot: Moving from Simple to Specific

At the A2 level, you likely use words like 'big', 'bad', or 'show'. To reach B2, you must replace these general words with Precise Verbs and Adjectives. The text provides a perfect roadmap for this upgrade.

⚡ The Upgrade Map

Look at how the article describes changes. Instead of saying "The list got bigger," it uses:

  • "Significant increase" →\rightarrow (B2 Level) Use this when a change is large and important.
  • "Notable" →\rightarrow (B2 Level) Use this instead of "interesting" or "strange" to highlight something that deserves attention.

🔍 Breaking the 'Say/Think' Habit

In A2 English, we use 'say' for everything. In B2 English, the action of speaking tells us the emotion behind it. Notice these three distinct verbs from the text:

  1. Emphasized eq eq Said →\rightarrow It means 'said with strong force to make sure you understand.'
  2. Asserted eq eq Said →\rightarrow It means 'stated something strongly as a fact, even if others disagree.'
  3. Associate eq eq Think →\rightarrow It means 'to connect two ideas in your mind.'

🛠️ The 'Logic Bridge' (Connectors)

To stop sounding like a list of sentences, use Complex Transitions. The article uses these to create a professional flow:

  • "Consequently": Use this instead of 'so'. It creates a formal cause-and-effect link.
  • "On the other hand": Use this instead of 'but'. It signals that you are about to compare two different perspectives.

Pro Tip for the Jump: Next time you write, find one 'big', one 'say', and one 'so'. Replace them with 'significant', 'assert', and 'consequently'. That is the B2 bridge in action.

Vocabulary Learning

significant (adj.)
Large or important enough to be noticed or have an effect.
Example:There has been a significant increase in the number of people working from home.
notable (adj.)
Important, interesting, or worthy of attention.
Example:The author's most notable achievement was winning the Nobel Prize.
emphasized (v.)
To give special importance or prominence to something in speaking or writing.
Example:The teacher emphasized the importance of arriving on time for the exam.
strategic (adj.)
Relating to the identification of long-term or overall aims and interests and the means of achieving them.
Example:The company made a strategic decision to expand into the Asian market.
consequently (adv.)
As a result of something; therefore.
Example:He failed to study for the test; consequently, he received a low grade.
asserted (v.)
To state a fact or belief confidently and forcefully.
Example:The lawyer asserted that his client was innocent of all charges.
discrimination (n.)
The unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people.
Example:The company was sued for racial discrimination in its hiring process.
entities (n.)
Organizations or businesses that have a separate legal existence.
Example:The two corporate entities decided to merge into one large company.
C2

Expansion of the Department of Defense 1260H List Regarding Chinese Military-Affiliated Entities

美國國防部擴大關於中國軍方相關實體的 1260H 名單

Introduction

The United States Department of Defense has augmented its registry of Chinese companies deemed to support the People's Republic of China's military industrial base.

美國國防部擴充了被認為支持中華人民共和國軍事工業基礎的中國公司名單。

Main Body

The current iteration of the 1260H list, established via the 2021 National Defense Authorization Act, now encompasses 188 entities, representing a quantitative increase from the approximately 130 listed in the preceding year. This expansion is characterized by the inclusion of non-state enterprises that do not traditionally operate within the defense sector. Notable additions include the technology conglomerate Alibaba, the search engine Baidu, and the electric vehicle manufacturer BYD, all of which the Pentagon asserts are affiliated with the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. Furthermore, the robotics firm Unitree was designated following the Department's determination that the entity received strategic government assistance as a critical supply chain component.

目前的 1260H 名單是根據 2021 年《國防授權法案》建立的，現涵蓋 188 個實體，較前一年的約 130 個有所增加。此次擴張的特點在於納入了傳統上不在國防部門運作的非國有企業。顯著的新增對象包括科技巨頭阿里巴巴、搜尋引擎百度以及電動車製造商比亞迪，五角大廈聲稱這些公司均與工業和資訊化部有關。此外，國防部認定宇樹科技（Unitree）作為關鍵供應鏈組成部分而獲得政府戰略援助，因此將其列入名單。

Beyond the technology sector, the Department of Defense has targeted the automotive and sensor industries, adding Nio, CALB Group, EVE Energy, and Robosense. The inclusion of these entities reflects a broader strategic apprehension regarding the utilization of civilian-facing research and commercial expertise for military advancement. While these designations preclude the entities from securing U.S. defense contracts, they do not prohibit general commercial activity within the United States, although they may precipitate further regulatory restrictions and reputational attrition.

除了科技部門，國防部還針對汽車和感測器產業，將蔚來（Nio）、中創新航（CALB Group）、億華能源（EVE Energy）及 Robosense 列入其中。將這些實體納入名單，反映出對於將面向消費者的研究與商業專業知識用於軍事進步的更廣泛戰略憂慮。雖然這些指定令會禁止相關實體獲取美國國防合約，但並不禁止其在美國境內進行一般商業活動，儘管這可能會導致進一步的監管限制與聲譽受損。

Diplomatic responses to these measures have been adversarial. The Chinese Embassy characterized the U.S. actions as an overextension of national security concepts and a manifestation of discriminatory practices. Conversely, the U.S. administration has integrated these listings with other economic instruments, such as tariffs on imported electric vehicles, to mitigate the perceived security risks associated with Chinese technological integration.

外交上對這些措施的反應相當對立。中國大使館將美國的行動描述為國家安全概念的過度擴張以及歧視性做法的體現。相反，美國政府將這些名單與其他經濟手段（如對進口電動車徵收關稅）相結合，以降低與中國技術整合相關的感知安全風險。

Conclusion

The Department of Defense has increased the number of sanctioned Chinese entities to 188, further restricting the intersection of U.S. defense procurement and Chinese commercial technology.

國防部將受制裁的中國實體數量增加到 188 個，進一步限制美國國防採購與中國商業技術的交集。

Vocabulary Learning

The Architecture of Nominalization and 'Abstract Weight'

To transcend the B2 plateau and enter the C2 stratum, a learner must move beyond describing actions and begin conceptualizing states. The provided text is a masterclass in Nominalization—the process of turning verbs (actions) or adjectives (qualities) into nouns to create an objective, authoritative, and dense academic tone.

⚡ The Linguistic Shift: From Event to Entity

Consider the difference in cognitive load and perceived authority between these two constructions:

  • B2 approach (Verb-centric): The US is worried because China uses commercial research to help its military.
  • C2 approach (Nominalized): *"...a broader strategic apprehension regarding the utilization of civilian-facing research... for military advancement."

In the C2 version, the action (worrying) becomes a concept (apprehension), and the act of using something (utilizing) becomes a system (utilization). This shifts the focus from the actor to the phenomenon.

🔍 Deconstructing the 'High-Density' Phrases

Observe how the text clusters nouns to create complex meanings without needing multiple sentences:

  1. "Reputational attrition"

    • Analysis: Instead of saying "their reputation will slowly get worse," the author uses attrition (a military term for wearing down). This is a lexical collocation that elevates the register from general English to specialized geopolitical discourse.

  2. "Quantitative increase"

    • Analysis: Rather than "more companies," the author specifies the nature of the increase. At C2, precision is paramount. You do not just have 'more'; you have a quantitative expansion.

  3. "Intersection of U.S. defense procurement and Chinese commercial technology"

    • Analysis: The word intersection acts as a conceptual anchor, replacing a clunky explanation of how two different sectors meet and conflict.

🛠️ C2 Strategy: The 'Sustained Abstraction' Technique

To implement this in your own writing, avoid starting sentences with people (The government, The company). Instead, start with the result of their action:

  • Instead of: "The government restricted the companies, which made the embassy angry."
  • Try: "The imposition of restrictions precipitated an adversarial diplomatic response."

Key C2 Markers used here:

  • Precipitate (v): To cause something to happen suddenly.
  • Imposition (n): The act of establishing a rule/restriction.
  • Adversarial (adj): Characterized by conflict.

Vocabulary Learning

augmented (v.)
Increased the size, amount, or strength of something by adding to it.
Example:The company augmented its workforce to meet the demands of the new project.
iteration (n.)
A new version of a piece of computer software or a repeated process/cycle.
Example:The latest iteration of the software includes several critical security patches.
encompasses (v.)
Includes different types of things; surrounds and covers a particular area.
Example:The new curriculum encompasses a wide range of subjects, from quantum physics to classical art.
preclude (v.)
To prevent something from happening or make it impossible.
Example:The current legal restrictions preclude the company from acquiring its competitor.
precipitate (v.)
To cause an event or situation, typically one that is bad, to happen suddenly, unexpectedly, or prematurely.
Example:The sudden increase in interest rates may precipitate a housing market crash.
attrition (n.)
The gradual reduction of strength or effectiveness through sustained attack or pressure.
Example:The company suffered from talent attrition as employees left for better opportunities elsewhere.
adversarial (adj.)
Characterized by conflict, opposition, or hostility.
Example:The two nations maintained an adversarial relationship for decades during the Cold War.
manifestation (n.)
An event, action, or object that clearly shows or embodies something abstract or theoretical.
Example:The protest was a clear manifestation of the public's dissatisfaction with the new law.
mitigate (v.)
To make something bad less severe, serious, or painful.
Example:The government implemented new drainage systems to mitigate the effects of seasonal flooding.
Practice All words in a crossword→