Gordon S. Wood was a famous history teacher. He was 92 years old. He died after a car hit him in Rhode Island.

Gordon S. Wood 是一位著名的歷史老師，享壽 92 歲。他在羅德島州被車撞擊後逝世。

The accident happened on Sunday in a parking lot. A car hit Mr. Wood. He went to the hospital, but he died. The driver stayed and talked to the police.

這起事故發生在週日的一個停車場。一輛車撞上了 Wood 先生。他被送往醫院，但隨後逝世。駕駛人留在現場與警方對話。

Mr. Wood wrote many books about the start of the United States. He won big prizes for his work. He said the American Revolution changed how people lived and worked.

Wood 先生撰寫了許多關於美國建國初期的書籍。他的研究贏得了許多大獎。他認為美國革命改變了人們生活與工作的方式。

He did not agree with some new ideas about history. He said we should not judge people from the past by today's rules. He also helped make movies and documentaries about history.

他不認同某些關於歷史的新觀點。他表示我們不應該用今天的標準來評判古人。他也協助製作了關於歷史的電影與紀錄片。

Gordon S. Wood was a very important teacher. He changed how we understand early America.

Gordon S. Wood 是一位非常重要的老師。他改變了我們對早期美國的理解。

Gordon S. Wood, a Pulitzer Prize-winning historian and retired professor at Brown University, has died at the age of 92 after being hit by a car in Rhode Island.

普立茲獎得主、布朗大學退休教授及歷史學家 Gordon S. Wood 在羅德島州遭車輛撞擊，以 92 歲之齡逝世。

The accident happened on Sunday in a supermarket parking lot in East Providence. According to the local police, Wood suffered serious injuries and later died at Rhode Island Hospital. The driver stayed at the scene and cooperated with the police; consequently, no charges have been filed while the investigation continues.

事故發生於週日在東普羅維登斯的一座超級市場停車場。根據當地警方表示，Wood 受傷嚴重，隨後在羅德島醫院宣告死亡。駕駛員留在現場並配合警方調查；因此在調查持續期間，尚未對其提起指控。

Wood was famous for his extensive research on the American Revolutionary era. In his most important books, he argued that the move toward independence caused a deep social and political change rather than just a simple political shift. He suggested that although the U.S. Constitution was written by powerful elites, it actually helped destroy the traditional social classes those elites wanted to keep. Because of his work, he received the Bancroft Prize, the Pulitzer Prize, and the National Humanities Medal in 2011.

Wood 以對美國革命時代的深入研究而聞名。在他最重要的著作中，他主張邁向獨立的過程引起了深刻的社會與政治變革，而非僅僅是簡單的政治轉移。他指出，儘管美國憲法是由權力精英撰寫的，但實際上卻協助摧毀了這些精英想要維持的傳統社會階級。由於其研究貢獻，他在 2011 年獲頒班克羅夫特獎、普立茲獎及國家人文獎章。

Furthermore, Wood often disagreed with younger historians regarding how to interpret the past. He warned against 'presentism,' which is the act of judging historical figures by today's moral standards. For this reason, he criticized the 1619 Project, asserting that the Revolution was not primarily driven by a desire to protect slavery. Instead, he argued that the founders wrongly believed slavery would disappear on its own and that the Revolution actually encouraged the movement to end slavery. Beyond his books, Wood was a consultant for Ken Burns' documentaries and served in the U.S. Air Force.

此外，Wood 在如何詮釋過去的問題上，經常與年輕的歷史學家意見分歧。他警告應避免「現時主義」，即用今日的道德標準來評判歷史人物。因此，他批評 1619 計劃，主張革命並非主要由保護奴隸制度的欲望所驅動。相反，他認為建國之父錯誤地相信奴隸制度會自行消失，而革命實際上促進了廢奴運動。除了著書外，Wood 曾擔任 Ken Burns 紀錄片的顧問，並曾在美國空軍服役。

The death of Gordon S. Wood is a significant loss for historians, as his work changed how we understand the social structures of early America.

Gordon S. Wood 的逝世對於歷史學家而言是一個重大損失，因為他的研究改變了我們對早期美國社會結構的理解。

Gordon S. Wood, a Pulitzer Prize-winning historian and professor emeritus at Brown University, died at age 92 after being struck by a vehicle in Rhode Island.

普立茲獎得主、布朗大學名譽教授 Gordon S. Wood 在羅德島州被車撞擊，於 92 歲高齡逝世。

The fatality occurred on Sunday in a supermarket parking lot in East Providence. According to the East Providence Police Department, the subject sustained severe injuries and subsequently expired at Rhode Island Hospital. The driver remained at the scene and cooperated with law enforcement; no charges have been filed as the crash reconstruction team continues its investigation.

該起致命事故發生於週日，地點在東普羅維登斯的一處超市停車場。根據東普羅維登斯警局表示，死者受傷嚴重，隨後在羅德島醫院宣告死亡。駕駛員留在現場並配合執法部門；由於車禍重建小組仍在調查中，目前尚未提起指控。

Wood's academic tenure was characterized by a prolific output of scholarship concerning the American Revolutionary era. His seminal works, including 'The Creation of the American Republic' and 'The Radicalism of the American Revolution,' posited that the transition to independence constituted a profound social and political transformation rather than a mere political shift. This thesis suggested that the U.S. Constitution, while drafted by elites, inadvertently catalyzed the dissolution of the traditional social hierarchies those elites intended to preserve. His contributions were recognized via the Bancroft Prize and the Pulitzer Prize, and in 2011, he was awarded the National Humanities Medal by President Barack Obama.

Wood 的學術生涯以產出大量關於美國革命時代的著作而著稱。他的代表作包括《美國共和國的創建》與《美國革命的激進主義》，主張獨立的轉型構成了一次深刻的社會與政治變革，而非僅僅是政治上的轉移。此論點認為，美國憲法雖由精英起草，卻在無意中催化了這些精英意圖保留的傳統社會階級的瓦解。他的貢獻獲頒班克羅夫特獎與普立茲獎，並於 2011 年獲總統巴拉克·歐巴馬頒發國家人文獎章。

Intellectually, Wood positioned himself between traditional 'great man' narratives and the egalitarian historiography of the 1960s. While he acknowledged the historical omission of women and minority groups, he cautioned against 'presentism'—the application of contemporary moral standards to historical figures. This perspective led to a scholarly divergence with younger academics and a public critique of the 1619 Project. Wood contested the assertion that the preservation of slavery was a primary driver of the Revolution, arguing instead that the founders erroneously believed slavery would naturally dissipate and that the Revolution actually stimulated abolitionist sentiment.

在知識論上，Wood 將自己定位於傳統的「偉人」敘事與 1960 年代的平等主義史學之間。雖然他承認歷史上遺漏了女性與少數群體，但他警告應避免「現時主義」——即將當代的道德標準應用於歷史人物。這一視角導致他與年輕學者產生學術分歧，並對「1619 計劃」提出公開批評。Wood 質疑關於維持奴隸制是革命主因的說法，反而認為開國元勳錯誤地相信奴隸制會自然消失，且革命實際上刺激了廢奴主義情緒。

Beyond his academic publications, Wood's influence extended to public discourse and media. He served as a consultant for Ken Burns' documentaries and chaired an advisory panel for the National Constitution Center. His scholarly theories were referenced in popular culture, specifically within the film 'Good Will Hunting.' Wood's educational background included degrees from Tufts University and Harvard University, and he served in the United States Air Force.

除了學術著作外，Wood 的影響力還延伸至公共論述與媒體。他曾擔任 Ken Burns 紀錄片的顧問，並主持國家憲法中心的顧問小組。他的學術理論被引用於流行文化中，特別是在電影《 ఆది森之夢》(Good Will Hunting) 之中。Wood 的教育背景包括塔夫茨大學與哈佛大學的學位，且曾於美國空軍服役。

Gordon S. Wood's death marks the loss of a central figure in Revolutionary War scholarship whose work redefined the understanding of early American social structures.

Gordon S. Wood 的逝世，標誌著革命戰爭研究領域失去了一位核心人物，其著作重新定義了對早期美國社會結構的理解。