Robert Coles was a doctor and a professor at Harvard University. He died at the age of 97.

羅伯特·科爾斯是哈佛大學的教授與醫生。他在 97 歲時去世。

Robert studied children in poor places. He wrote five books called 'Children of Crisis'. These books showed how children live in hard times. He won a big prize called the Pulitzer Prize for this work.

羅伯特研究貧困地區的兒童。他撰寫了五本書，名為《危機中的兒童》。這些書展示了孩子們在艱苦時期是如何生活的。他因這項工作贏得了著名的普立策獎。

He worked as a teacher at Harvard University. He taught students about right and wrong. He also worked as a doctor for the Air Force in the 1960s.

他在哈佛大學擔任教師。他教授學生關於對錯的知識。他在 1960 年代也曾在空軍擔任醫生。

Some other doctors did not agree with him. They said his books were like news stories and not like science. Robert also felt sad because he was rich but the children he helped were very poor.

其他一些醫生並不認同他的觀點。他們認為他的書像新聞報導而非科學研究。羅伯特也感到難過，因為他很富有，而他所幫助的孩子們卻非常貧困。

Robert died on Thursday in Massachusetts. He had three sons.

羅伯特於週四在麻薩諸塞州去世。他有三個兒子。

Robert Coles, a psychiatrist and professor at Harvard University, has died at the age of 97.

哈佛大學精神科醫生兼教授 Robert Coles 已於 97 歲時逝世。

Throughout his career, Professor Coles focused on how children from poor or marginalized backgrounds survive difficult circumstances. He is best known for his five-volume series, 'Children of Crisis' (1967–1978), which examined the psychological effects of racial segregation and poverty. This work earned him a Pulitzer Prize in 1973 and is considered one of the most important nonfiction works of the century. To gather his data, he spent years visiting families and encouraged children to use art to express their feelings.

在他的職業生涯中，Coles 教授專注於研究來自貧困或邊緣化背景的兒童如何在艱困環境中生存。他最著名的作品是五卷本系列《危機中的兒童》（Children of Crisis, 1967–1978），探討了種族隔離與貧窮對心理產生的影響。這部作品使他在 1973 年獲得普立茲獎，並被認為是本世紀最重要的非虛構作品之一。為了收集數據，他花了多年時間探訪家庭，並鼓勵孩子利用藝術來表達情感。

Because of his achievements, Coles received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1998 and a MacArthur Foundation grant. At Harvard, he taught psychiatry, medical humanities, and social ethics. He emphasized the importance of moral reflection in his courses. His interest in these topics began in the 1960s while he was serving as an Air Force physician, where he was deeply impressed by the courage of Ruby Bridges during the integration of schools in New Orleans.

由於其成就，Coles 在 1998 年獲得總統自由勳章及麥克阿瑟基金會的資助。在哈佛大學，他教授精神醫學、醫學人文學與社會倫理。他在課程中強調道德反思的重要性。他對這些主題的興趣始於 1960 年代擔任空軍軍醫期間，當時新奧爾良學校實行種族融合，Ruby Bridges 展現的勇氣令他深受感動。

However, not everyone agreed with his methods. Some colleagues, such as Professor Lawrence Kohlberg, argued that Coles' work was more like journalism than strict psychiatric science. Furthermore, Coles admitted that he often felt conflicted about the huge difference between his own wealthy lifestyle and the poverty of the people he studied.

然而，並非所有人都認同他的方法。一些同事（例如 Lawrence Kohlberg 教授）認為 Coles 的工作更像新聞報導而非嚴謹的精神醫學科學。此外，Coles 坦言，他經常對自己富裕的生活方式與研究對象的貧困之間巨大的差異感到矛盾。

Robert Coles passed away on Thursday at a hospice facility in Lincoln, Massachusetts, and is survived by his three sons.

Robert Coles 於週四在麻薩諸塞州林肯的一家安寧療養院逝世，留下三個兒子。

Robert Coles, a psychiatrist and professor at Harvard University, has died at the age of 97.

哈佛大學精神科醫生兼教授 Robert Coles 已於 97 歲時逝世。

The decedent's professional trajectory was characterized by an extensive examination of pediatric resilience within marginalized populations. Central to his academic corpus was the five-volume series 'Children of Crisis' (1967–1978), which analyzed the psychological impact of desegregation, migrant labor, and socio-economic disparity. This work earned him a Pulitzer Prize in 1973 and was subsequently ranked among the preeminent English-language nonfiction works of the century. His methodology prioritized the establishment of rapport through longitudinal family visits and the utilization of artistic expression as a diagnostic tool.

其職業生涯的特點在於對邊緣群體中兒童心理韌性的廣泛研究。其學術核心為五卷本系列叢書《危機中的兒童》（Children of Crisis，1967–1978），分析了種族隔離終止、移工以及社會經濟差異對心理產生的影響。這部作品使其在 1973 年獲得普立茲獎，隨後被列為本世紀最傑出的英文非虛構作品之一。其研究方法優先透過長期的家庭訪問建立信任關係，並將藝術表達作為診斷工具。

Institutional recognition of his contributions included the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1998 and an inaugural MacArthur Foundation grant. Within Harvard University, Coles occupied several roles, including professor of psychiatry, medical humanities, and social ethics. His pedagogical approach, exemplified by the course 'Literature of Social Reflection,' emphasized internal moral scrutiny. His early clinical interests were catalyzed by his tenure as an Air Force physician in the 1960s, specifically regarding the moral fortitude of Ruby Bridges during the integration of New Orleans schools.

其貢獻獲得了官方認可，包括 1998 年獲頒總統自由勳章，以及成為首批麥克阿瑟基金會資助對象。在哈佛大學中，Coles 擔任過多個職位，包括精神醫學、醫學人文學及社會倫理學教授。其教學方法（例如在《社會反思文學》課程中）強調內在的道德審視。其早期的臨床興趣源於 1960 年代在美國空軍擔任軍醫的經歷，特別是關於 Ruby Bridges 在新奧爾良學校種族融合期間展現的道德勇氣。

Despite widespread acclaim, the clinical validity of his work was contested by some contemporaries. Professor Lawrence Kohlberg posited that Coles' output aligned more closely with journalistic advocacy than with rigorous psychiatric science. Furthermore, Coles acknowledged a persistent cognitive dissonance regarding the disparity between his socio-economic status and the impoverished environments he documented.

儘管獲得廣泛讚譽，但其作品的臨床有效性受到部分同時代學者的質疑。Lawrence Kohlberg 教授認為 Coles 的產出更接近於新聞倡導，而非嚴謹的精神醫學科學。此外，Coles 承認，其自身的社會經濟地位與其紀錄中的貧困環境之間存在差異，使其長期處於認知失調狀態。

Robert Coles passed away on Thursday at a hospice facility in Lincoln, Massachusetts, leaving three surviving sons.

Robert Coles 於週四在馬薩諸塞州林肯的一家安寧療護設施中逝世，留下三個兒子。