This report talks about violence in North America and the UK. It also looks at police in Canada.

本報告探討北美與英國的暴力問題，並分析加拿大的警方情況。

A university study says more people die from police in Canada now. Very few police officers go to court for these deaths. Black and Indigenous people die more often.

大學研究指出，現在加拿大死於警方之手的人數增加。極少有警察因這些死亡事件而被起訴。黑人與原住民的死亡率更高。

There are many shootings in the US. People were hurt in San Jose, Toledo, and Milwaukee. In Calgary, more people use guns and people are afraid.

美國發生許多槍擊事件。聖荷西、托萊多與密爾瓦基均有人受傷。在卡加利，使用槍械的人數增加，令民眾感到恐慌。

In the UK, police are looking for a man named James Duncan. A young woman died in Barnet. In Boston, two people were stabbed and a child died.

在英國，警方正在尋找一名叫 James Duncan 的男子。一名年輕女性在 Barnet 死亡。在波士頓，兩人被刺傷，一名兒童死亡。

There are many violent crimes. Also, some people say the police need better rules.

目前發生許多暴力犯罪。此外，部分人士認為警方需要更好的規範。

This report examines several recent violent events across North America and the United Kingdom, as well as a detailed study on police violence in Canada.

本報告檢視了北美與英國近期發生的幾起暴力事件，以及一項關於加拿大警方暴力的詳細研究。

A study by Carleton University, called Tracking (In)Justice, shows that police-involved deaths in Canada have increased. The annual average rose from 24 deaths between 2000 and 2014 to over 50 in the 2020s. The researchers emphasized that there is a lack of accountability, as criminal charges are filed in only about 4% of these cases. Furthermore, the report asserted that Black and Indigenous people make up 25% of the deaths, even though they are only 10% of the population. However, the National Police Federation claims that lethal force incidents within the RCMP are actually decreasing.

卡爾頓大學一項名為 Tracking (In)Justice 的研究顯示，加拿大涉及警方的死亡人數有所增加。年度平均死亡人數從 2000 年至 2014 年間的 24 人，增加到 2020 年代的 50 多人。研究人員強調目前缺乏問責機制，因為這些案件中僅約 4% 提出了刑事指控。此外，報告指出，儘管黑人與原住民僅佔人口 10%，但他們佔了死亡人數的 25%。然而，國家警察聯盟則聲稱，皇家加拿大騎馬警察 (RCMP) 內部的致命武力事件實際上正在減少。

At the same time, several violent crimes have been reported. In the United States, a shooting at a medical center in San Jose left one man dead and a woman critically injured. In Toledo, Ohio, a conflict between rival groups led to a mass shooting at a festival, injuring 12 people. Additionally, a shooting near schools in Milwaukee resulted in one injury. In Calgary, a rise in gun violence has caused public safety concerns, leading some marginalized groups to avoid public areas.

與此同時，多起暴力犯罪被報導。在美國，聖荷西一家醫療中心發生的槍擊事件導致一名男子死亡，一名女子受重傷。在俄亥俄州托萊多，對立團體之間的衝突導致一場節日活動發生大規模槍擊，造成 12 人受傷。此外，密爾瓦基學校附近的一起槍擊事件導致一人受傷。在卡加利，槍擊暴力增加引起了公共安全擔憂，導致部分邊緣化群體避開公共區域。

In the United Kingdom, the Metropolitan Police are investigating the murder of a 19-year-old woman in Barnet and are searching for 21-year-old James Duncan. Meanwhile, in Boston, police are investigating a double stabbing in Mattapan and the death of a child on Shawmut Avenue.

在英國，倫敦警察廳正在調查巴內特一名 19 歲女性被謀殺的案件，並在尋找 21 歲的 James Duncan。與此同時，在波士頓，警方正在調查馬塔潘的一起雙重刺殺案以及 Shawmut Avenue 的一名兒童死亡事件。

The current situation shows a mix of individual violent crimes and a wider academic criticism of how police are monitored and held accountable.

目前的情況顯示，個別暴力犯罪與對警方監控及問責方式的廣泛學術批評並存。

This report examines a series of recent violent occurrences across North America and the United Kingdom, alongside a scholarly analysis of police lethality in Canada.

本報告審視了北美與英國近期發生的一系列暴力事件，並對加拿大警方致死率進行了學術分析。

A comprehensive study conducted by Carleton University, titled Tracking (In)Justice, indicates a quantitative increase in police-involved fatalities in Canada, with annual averages rising from 24 deaths (2000–2014) to over 50 during the 2020s. The data suggests a systemic disparity in accountability, as criminal charges are pursued in approximately 4% of such fatalities, and convictions remain negligible. The researchers posit that the legal standard of 'reasonableness' complicates the establishment of criminal culpability. Furthermore, the report notes a demographic disproportion, asserting that Black and Indigenous populations constitute 25% of fatalities despite comprising 10% of the population. Conversely, the National Police Federation maintains that lethal force incidents within the RCMP are declining.

卡爾頓大學進行的一項名為「追蹤（不）公正」的全面研究顯示，加拿大由警方涉及的死亡人數有量化增加，年平均死亡人數從 24 人（2000-2014 年）上升至 2020 年代的 50 人以上。數據顯示問責制度存在系統性差異，因為在此類死亡事件中，僅約 4% 會被提起刑事指控，且定罪率極低。研究人員認為，法律上對「合理性」的標準增加了確定刑事責任的複雜度。此外，報告指出人口比例失衡，儘管黑人與原住民僅佔人口 10%，但在死亡人數中卻佔 25%。相反，國家警察聯合會則維持 RCMP 內部致命武力事件正在下降的觀點。

Concurrent with these systemic analyses, several acute violent incidents have been documented. In the United States, a shooting at a medical facility in San Jose resulted in the death of a male suspect and critical injury to a female; Kaiser Permanente characterized the event as a personal matter. In Toledo, Ohio, a dispute between rival factions escalated into a mass shooting at a community festival, causing 12 injuries. In Milwaukee, a shooting occurred in proximity to educational institutions, resulting in one injury. In Calgary, a reported spike in firearm violence has prompted concerns regarding public safety and the subsequent avoidance of public spaces by marginalized populations.

與這些系統性分析同時，記錄了數起嚴重暴力事件。在美國，聖荷西一家醫療設施發生的槍擊事件導致一名男性嫌疑人死亡及一名女性重傷；Kaiser Permanente 將此事件定性為私人事務。在俄亥俄州托利多，對立派系之間的爭端升級為社區節日的大規模槍擊案，造成 12 人受傷。在密爾沃基，教育機構附近發生槍擊事件，導致一人受傷。在卡加利，據報槍擊暴力激增，引發對公共安全的擔憂，並導致邊緣群體避開公共空間。

In the United Kingdom, the Metropolitan Police have initiated a murder inquiry following the death of a 19-year-old woman in Barnet. Authorities are currently attempting to locate a suspect, identified as 21-year-old James Duncan. Additionally, separate incidents in Boston involved a double stabbing in Mattapan and the death of a child on Shawmut Avenue, both of which remain under active investigation.

在英國，倫敦警察廳在巴內特一名 19 歲女子死亡後，啟動了謀殺調查。當局目前正試圖尋找一名 21 歲的嫌疑人 James Duncan。此外，波士頓發生了另外兩起事件，包括馬塔潘的雙重刺殺案以及 Shawmut Avenue 的一名兒童死亡案，兩者目前均在積極調查中。

The current landscape is characterized by a combination of isolated violent crimes and a broader academic critique of the efficacy of civilian oversight in policing.

目前的局勢由孤立的暴力犯罪，以及對警察民事監督效能更廣泛的學術批評共同構成。